Course Announcement: Spring 2010

General Course Information:
PSYC W3440.001
ISSUES IN BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
Thursdays 4:00pm-6:00pm
Neurological Institute, Room B43A

Instructor Information:

Donald C. Hood
E-mail: dch3@columbia.ed

Joy Hirsch
E-mail: jh2155@columbia.edu

Assistant: Jennifer DeSisto
E-Mail: jd2730@columbia.edu

SYLLABUS

Class requirements:

• The over-all goal of this course is to enable students to address fundamental questions of functional neurocircuitry using fMRI and related tools including Diffusion Tensor Imaging, DTI.

The course consists of lectures, discussions, readings, and student-designed fMRI experiments.

• Small groups of students will work together to design and run an fMRI experiment or project.
• The lectures will feature examples of current fMRI investigations by graduate students and post doctoral fellows associated with PICS. The goal is to provide examples of experimental paradigms using neural imaging and behavioral techniques. Readings associated with the individual projects will be discussed in class. Goals of this approach include introducing students to a variety of cognitive neuroscience topics

while focusing on unifying principles of brain organization.

• The written assignment for this course is a report of your fMRI project.
• The oral assignments are 1) a class presentation of your experiment/project.                                              

2) a class discussion of an assigned reading. The class discussion of an assigned  

     reading can be paired with one of the graduate student presentations.

• In order to be involved in fMRI experiments students are required to pass the on-line institutional “good clinical practices” certification for investigations with human subjects. Safety certification is also required and includes a safety lecture and viewing the MRI Safety video.

Primary text:

• Huettel, S.A.; Song, A.W. & McCarthy, Q. “Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Second Edition”, Sinauer Assoc., Inc., 2008. Plus CD to accompany text (Students are encouraged to purchase a copy although the library will keep some copies on reserve)
• This syllabus will be modified thorough out the course in order to accommodate the specific interests of students.
• Course materials as well as lecture slides will be posted on Courseworks.

A tentative syllabus follows:

• WEEK 1: 21 Jan 2010: INTRODUCTION AND COURSE ORGANIZATION

4:00-6:00: NEUROIMAGING AND THE STRUCTURE/FUNCTION PROBLEM:

                  WHERE ARE THE FRONTIERS?

• Topics for course projects
• Safety video

       http://fmri.org/Safety.mp4

• Safety Video Test

http://www.proceo.com/gateway/NYP/main.htm

Directions for safety certification:

1. Go to link
2. Click on "MRI SAFETY"
3. Go to bottom of page - click Register for MRI Safety
4. Click "New Registrant"
5. Fill in form - Title is "Allied Health Professional", Chairman is Lawrence Schwartz.
6. After you have completed the test, make sure to print out the certificate and                    bring it with you to the next class.

Good Clinical Practices

https://www.rascal.columbia.edu/login/tc0087/

Directions for human subjects certification:

1. Go to https://www.rascal.columbia.edu/login/tc0087/
2. Log in with your Columbia University UNI and password
3. Click “Course Listings”
4. Click on the course listing entitled “TC0087 Human Subjects Protection Training”
5. Choose “Take Course” from the left menu
6. NOTE: There is no longer a Rascal test for this course. Rather, the course includes short tests

following each module.

1. Once you have completed all modules and short tests, please print your certificate and inform

 Kristine Kulage (Director of Research Resources) so records can be updated.

1. To print proof of your GCP certification at any time in the future, select

“View Certificate Test History” and select “Generate Certificate”

WEEK 2: 28 Jan 2010

4:00-6:00:         INTRO TO PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES FOR fMRI EXPERIMENTS

                         MODELING THE BOLD RESPONSE, Joy Hirsch, Ph.D.

                 Assigned reading for discussion week 2:

• Blow, N. How to get ahead in imaging. Nature., 2009, 458, 925-928.
• Gore, J.C., Principles and practice of functional MRI of the human brain,

J. Clin. Invest., 2003, 112: 4-9.

• Logothetis, N.K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., Oeltermann, A.,

Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal, Nature, 2001,

 412: 150-157.

• N.K. Logothetis. What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature, 453 (7197), 869 (2008).

Readings (These are references to be used as a supplement to the lecture material. Students are

 not expected to read all of these by the first week. They will be referred to throughout the course.):

Huettel

• Chapter 2: How MR scanners work, p.27-39
• Chapter 3: Basic principles of MR signal generation
• Chapter 5: MR contrast mechanisms and pulse sequences
• Review Chapter 6: Basic principles of MR signal formation
• Chapter 10: Pre-processing of fMRI data
• Chapter 11: Experimental design
• Chapter 12: Statistical analysis

WEEK 3:  4 Feb 2010

4:00-6:00         AUTISM

                         “Atypical neural specialization for language and music in Autism Spectrum Disorder,”

                          Grace Lai

           Assigned Reading:

• Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: evidence of underconnectivity, Brain, 127: 1811-21, 2004.
• Sahyoun CP, Belliveau JW, Soulières I, Schwartz S, Mody M, Neuroimaging of the functional and structural networks underlying visuospatial vs. linguistic reasoning in high-functioning autism, Neuropsychologi, 48(1): 86-95, 2010.

WEEK 4: 11 Feb 2010

4:00-6:00:            DECISION MAKING, Jack Grinband, Ph.D.

Assigned Reading:

• Grinband, J., Wager, T., Lindquist, M., Ferrera, V., Hirsch, J.  Detection of time-varying signal in event-related fMRI designs, Neuro Image, 43: 509-520, 2008.
• Grinband, J., Savitskaya, J., Wager, T., Ferrera, V.,  Hirsch, J. Conflict Monitoring versus Response Selection in the Medial Frontal Cortex.

• Gold, J., Shadlen, M.The Neural Basis of Decision Making. Annual Reviews of Neuroscience, 2007. 30:535–74.
• Rushworth, M. Intention, Choice, and the Medial Frontal Cortex. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1124: 181–207, 2008.

WEEK 5: 18 Feb 2010

4:00-6:00:        Diffusion Tensor Imaging

                        Mechanisms that regulate emotion, Ted Yanagihara.

                         Assigned Reading:

• Scholz et al. Training induces changes in white-matter architecture. Nature Neuroscience (2009) vol. 12 (11) pp. 1370-1
• Larson et al. Fear is fast in phobic individuals: amygdala activation in response to fear-relevant stimuli. Biol Psychiatry (2006) vol. 60 (4) pp. 410-7
  
  

SCANNING LAB SESSION 6:00-7:00PM

WEEK 6: 25 Feb 2010

4:00-6:00:        IMAGE PROCESSING AND BRAIN LABELING (Volume vs. surface-based labeling)

• Arno Klein, Ph.D.

Reading (Others may be added):

• Aljabar P; Heckemann RA; Hammers A; Hajnal JV; Rueckert D. (1 Jul
  2009). Multi-atlas based segmentation of brain images: atlas selection
  and its effect on accuracy. Neuroimage. 46:726-738.
  doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.018

• Fischl B, Rajendran N, Busa E, Augustinack J, Hinds O, Yeo BT,
  Mohlberg H, Amunts K, Zilles K. Cortical folding patterns and
  predicting cytoarchitecture. Cereb Cortex. 2008 Aug;18(8):1973-80.
  Epub 2007 Dec 12.
  doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm225

SCANNING LAB SESSION 6:00-7:00PM

WEEK 7: 4 Mar 2010

4:00-6:00:              Neural Connectivity as a biomarker of function, Spiro Pantazatos.

      Assigned Reading:

• Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and
  functional systems.Bullmore E, Sporns O. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Mar;10(3):186-98.

Epub 2009 Feb 4.

• Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations.
  Rubinov M, Sporns O. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]

IMAGE PROCESSING LAB (5:00pm-7:00pm)

WEEK 8: 11 Mar 2010

4:00-6:00:              NEURAL FOUNDATIONS OF DECISION MAKING

• Dynamics of Decision Making, Xian Zhang, Ph.D.

 Assigned Reading

• The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice
  Kable, J. W., Glimcher, P. W 2007.
•  Schultz, W. (2004). "Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal learning theory, game theory, microeconomics and behavioural ecology." Curr Opin Neurobiol14(2): 139-47.

SPRING BREAK

WEEK 9: 25 Mar 2010

4:00-6:00:              FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF NEUROCIRCUITRY RELATED TO SPATIAL ATTENTION AND VISION

                              Michelle Umali

           Assigned Reading:

• J Neurosci. 2009 Aug 26;29(34):10563-72. Search for a threatening target triggers limbic guidance of spatial attention. Mohanty A, Egner T, Monti JM, Mesulam MM.
• Visual Field Maps in Human Cortex. Brian A. Wandell Serge O. Dumoulin and Alyssa A. Brewer
  Volume 56, Issue 2, 25 October 2007, Pages 366-383.
• The distribution of category and location information across object-selective regions in human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 18;105(11):4447-52.
  Schwarzlose RF, Swisher JD, Dang S, Kanwisher N.

WEEK 10: 1 Apr 2010

4:00-6:00:             THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF EMOTION AND ANXIETY

                              TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: ANIMAL MODELS OF PSYCHIATRIC

DISORDERS

Kristen Klemenhagen, Ph.D.

                              Assigned Reading:

• Lau JY, Goldman D, Buzas B, Hodgkinson C, Leibenluft E, Nelson E, Sankin L, Pine DS, Ernst M., BDNF gene polymorphism (Val66Met) predicts amygdala and anterior hippocampus responses to emotional faces in anxious and depressed adolescents,

Neuroimage, 2009. [Epub ahead of print].

• Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, Sloan R, Gage FH, Brown TR, Small SA., An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 27;104(13):5638-43. Epub 2007 Mar 20.

WEEK 11: 8 Apr 2010

4:00-6:00:        Specificity for faces and self, Alessia Pannese.

                              Assigned Reading:

• Brédart S, Delchambre M, and Laureys S. (2006). One's own face is hard to ignore. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59: 1, 46-52.
• Platek SM, Loughead JW, Gur RC, Busch S, Ruparel K, Phend N, Panyavin IS, Langleben DD. (2006). Neural substrates for functionally discriminating self-face from personally familiar faces. Hum Brain Mapp, 27(2):91-8.
• Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., Chun, M.M., The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception, J. Neuroscience, 1997, 17 (11): 4302-4311.

WEEK 12: 15 Apr 2010 CLASS PRESENTATIONS

4:00-6:00:       

WEEK 13: 22 Apr 2010 CLASS PRESENTATIONS

4:00-6:00:       

WEEK 14: 29 Apr 2010 (Last Class) CLASS PRESENTATIONS

4:00-6:00:       

Supplementary Reading

Halgrem E., Dale, A.M., Sereno, M.I., Tootell, R.B.H., Marinkovic, K., Rosen, B.R., Location of human face-selective cortex with respect to retinotopic areas, Human Brain Mapping, 7: 29-37, 1999.

Grill-Spector, K., Kushnir, T., Hendler, T., Edelman, S., Itzchak, Y., Malach, R., A sequence of object-processing stages revealed by fMRI in the human occipital lobe, Human Brain Mapping, 6: 316-328, 1998.

Engel, S.A., Glover, G.H., Wandell, B.A., Retinotopic organization in human visual cortex and the spatial precision of functional MRI, Cerebral Cortex, 7: 181-192, 1997.

Tootell, R.B.H., Reppas, J.B., Kwong, K.k., Malach, R., Born, R.T., Brady, T.J., Rosen, B.R., Belliveau, J.W., Functional analysis of human MT and related visual cortical areas using magnetic resonance imaging, J. of  Neuroscience, 1995, 15 (4): 3215-3230.

Summerfield, C., Egner, T., Mangels, J., Hirsch, J., Mistaking a House for a Face: Neural Correlates of Misperception in Healthy Humans, In Press (Advance Access, July 13, 2005), Cerebral Cortex, 2005.

Warnking, J., Dojat, M, Guerin-Dugue, A., Delon-Martin, C., Olympieff, S., Richard, N., Chehikian, A., Segebarth, C., fMRI retinotopic mapping-step by step, NeuroImage, 2002, 17: 1665-1683.

McCabe, K., Houser, D., Ryan, L., Smith, V., Trouard, T., A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange, PNAS, 98, 11832-11835.

Egner, T., Hirsch, J., Cognitive control mechanisms resolve conflict through cortical amplification of Task-Relevant information, 8 (12), 1784-1790, Nature Neuroscience, 2005.

Nieuwenhuis, S., Yeung, N., Neural mechanisms of attention and control: losing our inhibitions?, News & Views, Nature Neuroscience, 2005, 8 (12), 1631-1633.

Nuñez, J.M., Casey, B. J., Egner, T., Hare, T., Hirsch, J.,  Intentional False Responding Shares Neural Substrates With Response Conflict and Cognitive Control, Vol 25, 267-277, NeuroImage, 2005.

Yantis, S., Serences, J.T., Cortical mechanisms of space-based and object-based attentional control, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13, 187-193, 2003.

Pessoa, L., Kastner, S., Ungerleider, L.G., Neuroimaging studies of attention: from modulation of sensory processing to top-down control. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 3990-3998, 2003.

Etkin, A., Klemenhagen, K., Dudman, J., Rogan, M., Hen, R., Kandel, E., Hirsch, J. Individual Differences in Trait Anxiety  Predict the Response of the Basolateral Amygdala to Unconsciously Processed Threat, Neuron, Vol 44, 1043-1055, 2004. 

Etkin, A. Egner, T., Peraza, D.M., Kandel, E.R., Hirsch, J., Resolving emotional conflict: a model for amygdalar modulation by the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, Neuron, in press, 2006.

Ress, D., Heeger, D. Neuronal correlates of perception in early visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 6(4): 414-420, 2003.

Knutson, B., Fong, G., Bennett, S., Adams, C., Hommer, D. A region of mesial prefrontal cortex tracks monetarily rewarding outcomes: characterization with rapid event-related fMRI. Neuroimage, 18(2):263-72, 2003.

N.K. Logothetis. What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature, 453 (7197), 869 (2008).

Klein, A., Hirsch, J., Mindboggle:  A scatterbrained approach to automate brain labeling, Vol 24, 261-280, NeuroImage, 2005.

Desikan, R.S., Segonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B.T., Dickerson, B.C., Blacker, D., Buckner, R.L., Dale, A.M., Maguire, R.P., Hyman, B.T., Albert, M.S., Killiany, R.J.,  An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest, NeuroImage, 31: 968-980, 2006.

Regis, J., Mangin, J.F., Ochiai, T., Frouin, V., Riviere, D., Cachia, A., Tamura, M., Samson, Y., “Sulcal Root” Generic Model: a hypothesis to overcome the variability of the human cortex folding patterns, Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 45: 1-17, 2005.

Collins, D.L., Zijdenbos, A.P., Baare, W.F.C., Evans, A.C., ANIMAL + INSECT: Improved cortical structure segmentation, A. Kuba et al (Eds.): IPMI’99, LNCS 1613: 210-223, 1999.

Fischl, B., Salat, D.H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., Kowe, A.V.D., Killiany, R., Kennedy, D., Klaveness, S., Montillo, A., Makris, N., Rosen, B., Dale, A.M., Whole Brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain, Neuron, 33: 341-355, 2002.